為了幫助大家高效備考托福，熟悉托福獨立寫作思路，小編為大家?guī)硗懈＊毩懽魉悸方馕?經(jīng)濟學(xué)理論運用一文，希望對大家托福備考有所幫助。
寫作有思路，有詞匯，但為什么分?jǐn)?shù)提不上去呢?
就是沒格調(diào)!
經(jīng)濟學(xué)理論來幫你
In economics, a backward-bending supplycurve of labour, or backward-bending labour supply curve, is a graphical deviceshowing a situation in which as real, or inflation-corrected, wages increasebeyond a certain level, people will substitute leisure (non-paid time) for paidworktime and so higher wages lead to an increase in the labour supply and soless labour-time being offered for sale.
在經(jīng)濟學(xué)中，后彎勞動供給曲線是指勞動供給曲線的形狀表現(xiàn)為一條向后彎曲的曲線。它指勞動供給曲線呈現(xiàn)出的勞動供給量隨著工資上升先增加后逐漸減少的特征。
The "labour-leisure" trade off(權(quán)衡) is the tradeoff faced by wage-earning (有收入的)human beings between the amount of time spent engaged in (參與)wage-paying work(有薪工作時間) (assumed tobe unpleasant) and satisfaction-generating unpaid time(閑暇無薪時間), which allows participation in "leisure" activitiesand the use of time to do necessary self-maintenance(自我維護), such as sleep. The key to the tradeoff is a comparison between the wage received from each hour of working and the amount of satisfaction generated by the use of unpaid time.
Such a comparison generally means that a higher wage entices(enticesb to do sth慫恿/誘使某人做某事) people to spend more time working for pay; the substitution effect implies (暗示/意味著)apositively sloped labour supply curve. However, thebackward-bending labour supply curve occurs when an even higher wage actually entices people to work less and consume more leisure or unpaid time.
就一個人的生活質(zhì)量而言，勞動時間(想獲得一定數(shù)量的收入而必須投入的時間)和閑睱時間基本是替代品，但一定程度上又是互補品。收入和閑睱都能給自己帶來幸福，并且勞動時間和閑睱時間又是此消彼長的，所以它們是替代品。同時，如果有了一定的收入做保障，閑睱時的享受質(zhì)量可以更高一些，所以收入對閑睱有互補的作用;而閑睱對勞動也有一定的互補作用，“休息好才能工作好”，平時的娛樂和休息使自己精神愉悅，那么工作的效率也會因此而大提高。
那么借用這一經(jīng)濟學(xué)理論，工資上漲，工作時間就變長，但到了一個轉(zhuǎn)折點時，工資更高的話更愿意工作的時間就下降。適當(dāng)整合后就可以很好的作為獨立寫作工作類論證的依據(jù)了。
比如此類涉及到工資和工作時長的話題：
1. Do your prefer to take a high-paying job with long hours that would give you little time with family and friends or alower-paying job with shorter hours that would give you more time with familyand friends.
2. A job with more vacation time but a lowsalary is better than a job with a high salary but less vacation time.
3. Do you prefer to take a low-paid butsecure job or a job with a high salary but easy to lose?
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