高中英語指示代詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(一)

指示代詞
1.指示代詞概述
指示代詞是用來指代或標(biāo)記人或事物的代詞,表示“這個(gè)(些)”、“那個(gè)(些)”。常用的指示代詞有this,that,these,those。指示代詞與定冠詞、人稱代詞一樣,都具有指定的含義。它們所指的對(duì)象取決于說話者和聽話者共同熟悉的語境。指示代詞在句中可作定語、主語、賓語、表語等。如
I loved this concert very much.(定語)
我非常喜歡這場音樂會(huì)。
This is Bill.Is that Robert speaking? (主語)
我是比爾,你是羅伯特嗎?
Do you like this? (賓語)
你喜歡這個(gè)嗎?
What I like is this,not that.(表語)
我所喜歡的是這個(gè),不是那個(gè)。
2.指示代詞的用法
(1)指示代詞this,these往往在指時(shí)間上或空間上較近的人或物;that,those可指時(shí)間上或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。
This is my friend Charlie Brown.(近指)
這是我的朋友查理·布朗。
This gift is for you and that one is for your brother.(this近指,that遠(yuǎn)指)
這件禮物是你的,那件是你弟弟的。
I love these books but I don't like those.(these近指,those遠(yuǎn)指)
我喜歡這些書,但不喜歡那些。
(2)that,those常常用來代替已提到過的名詞,以避免重復(fù)。
The computers work faster than those we bought last year.
這些計(jì)算機(jī)比我們?nèi)ツ曩I的運(yùn)行速度快。
The life in the country is more peaceful than that in the city.
鄉(xiāng)村的生活比城市的生活要安靜。
注意:
上文提到的事物,英語中常用that或those表示,而漢語卻常用“這”表示。
I had a bad cold.That was why I didn't go to school.
我感冒了,這是我為什么沒上學(xué)的原因。
Those are the VCDs you want.
這就是你要的影碟。
(3)在“those who/which/that...或 those people who,those things which/that...”句型中who/which引導(dǎo)的定語從句說明those的范圍。
Those (students) who do not want to go can stay.
不想去的(學(xué)生)可以留下來。
I have read those books which/that I borrowed.
我已經(jīng)讀完了我所借的書。
注意:
在those (...) who/which...中those 不可用these替代。
(4)當(dāng)所指的事物已確定時(shí),后面的指示代詞指人時(shí)須用he,she或they替代,指物時(shí)須用it或they替代。
—Are the books yours?
—Yes,they are.
-這些書是你的嗎?
-是的,正是。
That is your mistake,isn't it?
那是你的錯(cuò),不是嗎?
高中英語指示代詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(二)
1) 指示代詞分單數(shù)(this / that)和復(fù)數(shù)(these / those)兩種形式,既可作限定詞又可做代詞,例如:
單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)
限定詞:This girl is Mary.Those men are my
teachers.
代詞:This is Mary. Those are my
teachers.
2) 指示代詞的句法功能;
a. 作主語
This is the way to do it.
這事兒就該這樣做。
b. 作賓語
I like this better than that.
我喜歡這個(gè)甚至那個(gè)。
c. 作主語補(bǔ)語
My point is this.
我的觀點(diǎn)就是如此。
d. 作介詞賓語
I don‘t say no to that.
我并未拒絕那個(gè)。
There is no fear of that.
那并不可怕。
說明1:
指示代詞在作主語時(shí)可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分時(shí)只能指物,不能指人,例如:
(對(duì))That is my teacher.那是我的老師。( that作主語,指人)
(對(duì))He is going to marry this girl.他要和這個(gè)姑娘結(jié)婚。(this作限定詞)
(錯(cuò))He is going to marry this.(this作賓語時(shí)不能指人)
(對(duì))I bought this.我買這個(gè)。(this指物,可作賓語)
說明2:
That和those可作定語從句的先行詞,但this和 these不能,同時(shí),在作先行詞時(shí),只有those可指人,試比較:
(對(duì)) He admired that which looked beautiful.他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。
(對(duì)) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)
(錯(cuò)) He admired that who danced well.(that作賓語時(shí)不能指人)
(對(duì)) He admired those who danced well.他贊賞跳舞好的人。(those指人)
(對(duì)) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的東西。(those指物)
