下面比網(wǎng)校雅思頻道為大家整理介紹古希臘神話中的十二主神，烤鴨們可以對(duì)這十二主神和他們的故事有一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的了解，在雅思口語(yǔ)考試中也許能用得上哦。

　　古希臘神話有新舊兩部神譜，十二諸神是新神譜系的十二位神仙，雷神宙斯、天后赫拉、海皇波塞冬、火焰女神赫斯提亞、大地女神德墨忒爾、美神阿弗洛迪斯、太陽(yáng)神阿波羅、女戰(zhàn)神雅典娜、戰(zhàn)神阿瑞斯、月神阿爾特彌斯、眾神使者赫爾墨斯、工神赫菲斯托斯。十二個(gè)主神都有鮮明的性格與七情六欲，具有人的性格和情緒，具有超人的特殊本領(lǐng)。

　　宙斯Zeus

 

　　希臘神話中的主神，第三代神王。克洛諾斯和瑞亞之子，烏拉諾斯和蓋亞之孫。眾神之神，奧利匹斯山最高統(tǒng)治者。本詞條中的動(dòng)漫人物或游戲人物，亦是以其為原型或由其延伸出來(lái)的人物。

　　In the ancient Greek religion, Zeus (Ancient Greek: Ζε?ς, Zeús; Modern Greek: Δ?ας, Días) is the "Father of Gods and men" who rules the Olympians of Mount Olympus as a father rules the family. He is the god of sky and thunder in Greek mythology. His Romancounterpart is Jupiter and Etruscan counterpart is Tinia.

　　Zeus is the child of Cronus and Rhea, and the youngest of his siblings. In most traditions he is married toHera, although, at the oracle of Dodona, his consort is Dione: according to the Iliad, he is the father ofAphrodite by Dione. He is known for his erotic escapades. These resulted in many godly and heroic offspring, including Athena, Apollo and Artemis, Hermes, Persephone (by Demeter), Dionysus, Perseus,Heracles, Helen of Troy, Minos, and the Muses (by Mnemosyne); by Hera, he is usually said to have fatheredAres, Hebe and Hephaestus.

　　As Walter Burkert points out in his book, Greek Religion, "Even the gods who are not his natural children address him as Father, and all the gods rise in his presence." For the Greeks, he was the King of the Gods, who oversaw the universe. As Pausanias observed, "That Zeus is king in heaven is a saying common to all men". In Hesiod's Theogony Zeus assigns the various gods their roles. In the Homeric Hymns he is referred to as the chieftain of the gods.

　　His symbols are the thunderbolt, eagle, bull, and oak. In addition to his Indo-European inheritance, the classical "cloud-gatherer" also derives certain iconographic traits from the cultures of the Ancient Near East, such as the scepter. Zeus is frequently depicted by Greek artists in one of two poses: standing, striding forward, with a thunderbolt leveled in his raised right hand, or seated in majesty.

　　King of the gods

　　After reaching manhood, Zeus forced Cronus to disgorge first the stone (which was set down at Pytho under the glens of Parnassus to be a sign to mortal men, the Omphalos) then his siblings in reverse order of swallowing. In some versions, Metis gave Cronus an emetic to force him to disgorge the babies, or Zeus cut Cronus' stomach open. Then Zeus released the brothers of Cronus, the Gigantes, the Hecatonchires and the Cyclopes, from their dungeon inTartarus, killing their guard, Campe.

　　As a token of their appreciation, the Cyclopes gave him thunder and the thunderbolt, or lightning, which had previously been hidden by Gaia. Together, Zeus and his brothers and sisters, along with the Gigantes, Hecatonchires and Cyclopes overthrew Cronus and the other Titans, in the combat called the Titanomachy. The defeated Titans were then cast into a shadowy underworld region known as Tartarus. Atlas, one of the titans that fought against Zeus, was punished by having to hold up the sky.

　　After the battle with the Titans, Zeus shared the world with his elder brothers, Poseidon and Hades, by drawing lots: Zeus got the sky and air, Poseidon the waters, and Hades the world of the dead (the underworld). The ancient Earth, Gaia, could not be claimed; she was left to all three, each according to their capabilities, which explains why Poseidon was the "earth-shaker" (the god of earthquakes) and Hades claimed the humans that died (see alsoPenthus).

　　Gaia resented the way Zeus had treated the Titans, because they were her children. Soon after taking the throne as king of the gods, Zeus had to fight some of Gaia's other children, the monsters Typhon and Echidna. He vanquished Typhon and trapped him under Mount Etna, but left Echidna and her children alive.

　　Zeus and Hera

　　Zeus was brother and consort of Hera. By Hera, Zeus sired Ares, Hebe and Hephaestus, though some accounts say that Hera produced these offspring alone. Some also include Eileithyia and Eris as their daughters. The conquests of Zeus among nymphs and the mythic mortal progenitors of Hellenicdynasties are famous. Olympian mythography even credits him with unions with Leto, Demeter, Dione and Maia. Among mortals were Semele, Io, Europaand Leda (for more details, see below) and with the young Ganymede (although he was mortal Zeus granted him eternal youth and immortality).

　　Many myths render Hera as jealous of his amorous conquests and a consistent enemy of Zeus' mistresses and their children by him. For a time, a nymphnamed Echo had the job of distracting Hera from his affairs by talking incessantly, and when Hera discovered the deception, she cursed Echo to repeat the words of others.

　　相關(guān)閱讀

　　古希臘羅馬神話里的神明繁多(羅馬神話里的主神和神譜大致上與希臘神話相同，但在名稱上有很大差異)，其中最主要的為十二大主神。他們是：

　　1、宙斯Zeus：天神之父，也是眾神之神，地上萬(wàn)物的最高統(tǒng)治者。用雷霆和叫做“埃奎斯”的神盾治理天和地。同時(shí)，宙斯還是個(gè)花心大蘿卜，到處拈花惹草使他的妻子赫拉嫉妒。 

　　2、赫拉Hera：宙斯的妻子，神圣的婚姻女神，掌管婚姻，捍衛(wèi)家庭。赫拉相當(dāng)冷靜并且擁有美好的身材。性格特征是嫉妒。

　　3、波塞冬Poseidon：海神，僅次于宙斯的強(qiáng)大的掌權(quán)者。波塞冬具有強(qiáng)大的力量，但他是一個(gè)頭腦簡(jiǎn)單的神。他的兵器是三叉戟。 

　　4、赫斯提亞Hestia：爐灶、火焰女神。謙讓、隨和、心地善良，深受眾神的愛(ài)戴。 

　　5、德墨忒爾Demeter：谷物、大地女神。她有著溫和的態(tài)度、熱情的笑容，但她很膽小。 

　　6、阿佛洛狄忒Aphrodite：愛(ài)和美的女神。就是人們常說(shuō)的維納斯。她擁有白瓷般的肌膚，是個(gè)金發(fā)碧眼的美人。她是優(yōu)雅和迷人的混合體，所有她的行為和語(yǔ)言都值得保留并用作典范。

　　7、阿波羅Apollon：太陽(yáng)神，同時(shí)也是音樂(lè)、預(yù)言、弓箭、醫(yī)療之神。阿波羅是男神中最英俊的，他快樂(lè)、聰明，擁有陽(yáng)光般明亮的氣質(zhì)，總是充滿了勇氣和力量，女人們都喜歡他。 

　　8、雅典娜Athena：主管勝利、智慧和技藝的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)女神。她是從父親宙斯的腦袋里誕生的女神，少言寡語(yǔ)，極具智慧，外表很酷，擁有很多“fans”。

　　9、阿瑞斯Ares：戰(zhàn)神。總是一身盔甲，長(zhǎng)相英俊，但因脾氣暴躁喜歡大喊大叫眾神都不太喜歡他，但偏偏愛(ài)與美的女神阿佛洛狄忒鐘情于他。 

　　10、阿爾忒彌斯Arthemis：月亮和狩獵女神，又是美麗而純潔的處女神。她非常迷人，思維敏捷，做事果斷，奔跑迅速，因此總是不可能在一個(gè)地方逗留太長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。 

　　11、赫爾墨斯Hermes：宙斯的隨從，牧童和游子之神。他是位兼具才華和魅力的神，常帶著惡作劇般的微笑，行動(dòng)迅速，是眾神中最忙碌的一個(gè)。眾神都很喜歡他。

　　12、赫菲斯托斯Hephaestus：手藝異常高超的鐵匠之神。他又駝?dòng)秩常潜娚裰凶畛舐纳瘛５男牡胤浅Ｉ屏肌?nbsp;