虛擬語氣學習方法,高中英語虛擬語氣學習方法一
Ⅰ 動詞的語氣
語氣有三種：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣.語氣表示說話人持有的態度或看法.
Ⅱ 相關知識點精講
1.虛擬語氣在if 條件句中的用法
⑴ 辨別if 引導真實條件句和if引導的虛擬條件句的區別
If he has time， he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us.
If he had time， he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.
⑵ 虛擬條件句中主句和從句的謂與動詞構成形式如下表：
if條件句中的謂與動詞
主句的謂與動詞
與現在的事實相反
1. 行為動詞用did 形式
2. be動詞用were
should / would /could might + 動詞原形
與過去的事實相反
had + done
should / would /could might + have done
與將來的事實相反
1. 行為動詞用did ;
be動詞用were
2. should + 動詞原形
3. were to + 動詞原形
should / would /could might + 動詞原形
⑶ 混合時間的虛擬語氣
如果條件句中的動作和主句的動作不是同時發生，主句和從句的謂語動詞的形式應分別根據各自所表示的時間加以調整。
1) If I had received the passport yesterday， I would start today.
2) If he had telephoned me last night， I would see him now.
3) If he had followed the doctor’s advice， he would be all right now.
⑷ if虛擬條件句中的到裝
如果虛擬語氣的條件從句中含有were， had， should可將if省略，把were， had， should放在主語前面。
Had you invited us， we would have come to your party.
Were I you， I would do more practice after class.
Should you meet him， you would greet him.
虛擬語氣學習方法,高中英語虛擬語氣學習方法二
2.虛擬語氣在某些從句中的應用
(1) 動詞wish后的賓語從句， 表示不能實現的愿望，表示“但愿...;… 就好了;可惜…悔不該…;
① 與現在事實相反的愿望，從句的謂動詞用過去式
I wish that he weren’t so lazy. I wish I were ten years younger.
② 與過去事實相反的愿望：用wish表示對過去事情的遺憾。其句子結構為：had done或would， could， might have done。
I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.
I wish that you had been here yesterday.
③表示將來的愿望時：從句動詞would/could/might + 動詞原形，常表達不滿意，煩惱等。
I wish he would try again.
He wishes that we would visit the old school.
(2)虛擬語氣用于as if/though 引起的方式狀語從句和表語從句中，其中動詞形式與wish賓語從句的形式相同。
They talked as if they had been friends for years. She looks as if she would cry.
(3)用來表示要求、建議、命令、提議等的主語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬形式：should + 動詞原形，should可省略
1) 用在表示建議、命令、要求、忠告等動詞后，動詞形式為(should) +動詞原形. 常見動詞：一個堅持(insist)，兩個命令(order， command)，三個建議(advise， suggest， propose)，四個要求(demand ， require， request， desire)。
注意：在suggest后的從句中 A.如果表示建議，用虛擬語氣
B.如果表示表明、暗示，用陳述語氣
The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.
The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.
在insist后的從句中 A.如果堅持做什么事情，用虛擬語氣
B.如果堅持表明，堅持說/解釋，用陳述語氣
My sister insisted that she should organize the trip.
He insisted that he was right.
2)用在“It is (was)+形容詞(或過去分詞)/ 名詞 + that……”結構中：
常用形容詞有：natural， necessary ，important， strange， possible， surprising， amazing，desirable合意的，advisable明智的，crucial關鍵的，insistent堅持的，essential緊要的，基本的等
常用過去分詞有： required ，demanded， suggested 建議， recommended 推薦， commanded命令的，desired想要，ordered命令，proposed提議，requested要求的等
It is essential that he should be prepared for this.
It is requested that Mr. Li give a performance at the party.
3)用于由表示建議、要求、命令請示等含義的名詞引導的表語從句和同位語從句中，這類名詞常見的有：advice， demand ， desire， suggestion， proposal ， request ， order， requirement， recommendation ，motion提議，resolution決心，decision，idea，pity，preference，shame， surprise，wish，wonder等。
(4) 用在would rather/sooner， had rather， would(just) as soon引導的賓語從句中，表示‘‘寧愿做什么”或對過去做的事的懊悔。
1)表示與現在或將來事實相反用過去時
2)表示與過去事實相反用had done
I’d rather you posted the letter right away.
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.
注意①若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用動詞原形。 I would rather stay at home today.
②would rather...than...中用動詞原形。 I would rather stay at home than go out today.
(5) It is (about/high)time + 過去式/should+動詞原形 (should 不能省)
It is high time that we put an end to discussion.
(6) 在for fear that …/ in case that …/ lest以免，萬一等引導的狀語從句，動詞用should+動原形，should 可以省略。
She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold.
3. 含蓄虛擬條件句
含蓄虛擬條件句是指句中沒有明顯的虛擬條件句，而是利用其他手段來暗示存在虛擬條件，這類隱含式虛擬條件句往往可以轉化成if引導的條件句。常用來表示含蓄虛擬條件的手段有：
(1)介詞或介詞短語，如：but for， but that， without等
But for the leadership of the Party， we could not be living happily today.
= If there were not the leadership of the party， we could not be living happily today.
Without music， the world would be a dull place.
(2)通過上下文及內在含義，句中往往有but， otherwise等類似轉折詞。
He worked very hard， otherwise he would have failed.
(3)分詞短語
Born ten days earlier， the boy could have seen his father.
(4)情態動詞完成時暗示虛擬語氣。
should/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示“過去本應該可以做而實際上卻沒做”
shouldn’t have done表示“過去不應該做而實際上做了”
needn’t have done 表示“過去沒必要做而實際上做了”