以疑問的句式表示肯定的意思,這種句法叫“反詰”(disjunctive question)“反詰”句不是要求聽話的人回答什么,而是向聽話的人說明結論。
反詰句的用法:

以疑問的句式表示肯定的意思,這種句法叫“反詰”(disjunctivequestion)“反詰”句不是要求聽話的人回答什么,而是向聽話的人說明結論。
1、She is CalmSky, isn't she? 她就是CalmSky,是不是呀?
2、She is CalmSky, is She? 她不就是CalmSky嗎?
3、She is CalmSky, or is she? 她就是CalmSky,我沒搞錯吧?
第一句是“反意疑問句”(disjunctive question),由兩部分組成,前一部分如果是肯定形式,后一部分就用否定形式;如果前一部分如果是否定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式。這種句型既可用升調提問,也可以用降調發問。如用升調,它表示說話人的主觀想法,并希望得到對方yes或no回答;如用降調,它除了表示說話人的主觀想法之外,還預料對方會同意他的看法。
第二句是第一句的變體。它的第一部分如用肯定式,第二部分也用肯定式;第一部分如用否定形式,第二部分也用否定形式。這種句型具有加強語感的功能,同時還能根據具體的場合,表示驚奇、輕視、譏諷、威嚇等語義。
第三句則是第二句的變體,這種句型表示說話者的一種較有把握的猜測。
我們來看一個反詰句的例子:
?His letter arrived a month ago. ____to Peter?
?Yes. You know, I have been busy in preparing for the final exam all the time.
A. Didn't you write
B. Don't you write
C. Hadn't you written
D. Haven't you written
答案:D
高中英語反詰句知識點總結(二)
Tom 上周很忙,不是嗎?
Tom was busy last week,(wasn't)he?
記住前肯后否,前否后肯就行了。另外注意謂語動詞。給你點參考
反意疑問句前后兩部分謂語應是,“肯定陳述+否定疑問”或“否定陳述+肯定疑問”
簡略問句如果是否定式,not應與be,do,will等系動詞、助動詞、情態動詞縮寫
簡略問句的主語不用名詞,應用人稱代詞
當說話者的目的不在疑問,而是為了加強語氣時,用降調
當說話者的目的在疑問,則用升調
陳述部分含“too...to”時,是否定句
1) 陳述部分的主語是I,疑問部分要用 aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?
(我和你姐姐一樣高,對嗎?)
2) 陳述部分的謂語是wish,疑問部分要用may +主語。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
(我希望可以和你說話,可以嗎?)
3) 陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時,疑問部分用肯定含義。
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (開花), do they ?
4) 含有ought to 的反意疑問句,陳述部分是肯定的,疑問部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主語。正式文體用should/ought +主語+not形式。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
5) 陳述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑問部分常用don't +主語(didn't +主語)。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
6) 陳述部分的謂語是used to 時,疑問部分用didn't +主語或 usedn't +主語。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
7) 陳述部分有had better + v. 疑問句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
8) 陳述部分有would rather +v.,疑問部分多用 wouldn't +主語。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
9) 陳述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑問部分用wouldn't +主語。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
10) 陳述部分有must 的疑問句,疑問部分根據實際情況而定。
A.must表示“應該”,其疑問部分用mustn't(不應該),如:
You must work hard next term, mustn't you ? 下學期你應該努力學習,對嗎?
B.must表示“必須”,其疑問部分用needn't(不必),如:
They must finish the work today, needn’t they? 他們今天必須要完成這項工作,是嗎?
C.陳述部分含情態動詞mustn't,表示禁止時,疑問部分就可以用must或may,如:
You mustn’t stop your car here, must you? (may we?)你不能把車停在這地方,知道嗎?
D.must表示推測,其疑問部分必須與must 后面的主要動詞相呼應。如:
①對現在動作或存在的情況的推測:
You must know the answer to the exercise, don't you? 你一定知道這項練習的答案,是不是?
That must be your bed, isn't it? 那一定是你的床,是嗎?
②對過去發生的動作或存在的情況的推測:
a 表示肯定推測
(一)句中陳述部分沒有表示過去的時間狀語,這時疑問部分中的動詞就用
現在完成時。(haven’t / hasn’t + 主語)
You must have told her about it, haven’t you? 你一定把這事告訴她了,是嗎?
(二)陳述部分有表示過去的時間狀語,疑問部分的動詞就用
一般過去時。(didn’t + 主語)
She must have read the novel last week, didn’t she? 她上星期一定讀了這本小說了,是嗎?
b 表示否定推測
表示推測時,否定式通常不是must not,而是can't (cannot).如:
He can't have been to your home; he doesn't know your address, does he?
他不可能去過你家;他不知道你的地址,是不是?
11) 感嘆句中,疑問部分用be +主語。
What colours, aren't they?
What a smell, isn't it?
12) 陳述部分由neither… nor, either… or 連接的并列主語時,疑問部分根據其實際邏輯意義而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
13) 陳述部分主語是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問部分主語用it。
Everything is ready, isn't it?
14) 陳述部分為主語從句或并列復合句?
a. 并列復合句疑問部分,謂語動詞根據鄰近從句的謂語而定。
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, and he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
b. 帶有定語從句,賓語從句的主從復合句,疑問部分謂語根據主句的謂語而定:
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c. 上述部分主句謂語是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導的賓語從句,疑問部分與賓語從句相對應構成反意疑問句。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
但此時主語必須是第一人稱
如果不是則不能否定從句
如 He thought they were wrong,didn't he?
而不能說weren't they?
15) 陳述部分主語是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑問部分常用復數they,有時也用單數he.
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (doesn't he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
16) 帶情態動詞dare或need的反意疑問句,疑問部分常用 need (dare ) +主語。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you/he?
當dare, need 為實義動詞時,疑問部分用助動詞do + 主語。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
17) 省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句,疑問部分用will you。
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?
注意:Let's 開頭的祈使句,后用shall we(或用shan't we) ?
Let us 開頭的祈使句,后用will you(或won't you)?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we(或用shan't we)?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you (或won't you)?
18) 陳述部分是"there be"結構的,疑問部分用there省略主語代詞。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
19) 否定前綴不能視為否定詞,其反意疑問句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
20)當主句是由so引起的一個句子,而且譯為“這么說來”時,疑問部分的謂語形式(肯定或否定)應與主句保持一致。
So you have seen the film, have you?
So he has not been to Beijing ,hasn't he?
『補:Let's和Let us的區別』
◇1.Let's是Let us的縮寫。包括說話人和聽話人雙方在內,含有催促、建議或請對方一起行動的意思。在聽話人表示贊同建議時可只用Let's.如:
---Shall we go by train?
---Yes,let's.
◇2.當請求對方允許自己(第一人稱復數)做某事時,要用Let us,這里的 us 不包括聽話對方在內,不能縮寫為Let's.
如兩個同學對老師說:
Please let us remove the bookshelf for you.
讓我倆給你移動一下書架。
◇3.兩者在構成附加疑問句時,方法不同。如:
Let's go to see the film,shall we ?
咱們去看電影,好嗎?
Let us go to see the film,will you?
讓我們去看電影,好嗎?
快速記憶表
陳述部分的謂語 疑問部分
I aren't I
Wish may +主語
no,nothing,nobody,never,
few, seldom, hardly, 肯定含義
rarely, little等否定
含義的詞
ought to(肯定的) shouldn't/ oughtn't +主語
have to+v.(had to+v.) don't +主語(didn't +主語)
used to didn't +主語或 usedn't +主語
had better + v. hadn't you
would rather + v. wouldn't +主語
you'd like to + v. wouldn't +主語
must 根據實際情況而定
感嘆句中 be +主語
Neither…nor,
either…or 連接的根 據其實際邏輯意義而定
并列主語
指示代詞或不定代詞
everything,that, 主語用it
nothing,this
并列復合句 謂語根據鄰近從句的謂語而定
定語從句,賓語從句的
主從復合句 根據主句的謂語而定
think,believe,expect,
suppose,imagine等引導 與賓語從句相對應的從句
everybody,anyone,
somebody,nobody,no one 復數they, 單數he
情態動詞dare或need need (dare ) +主語
dare, need 為實義動詞 do +主語
省去主語的祈使句 will you/won't you/can't you?
Let's 開頭的祈使句 Shall we?
Let us 開頭的祈使句 Will you?
there be 相應的謂語動詞+there(省略主語代詞)
否定前綴不能視為否定詞 仍用否定形式
must表"推測" 根據其推測的情況來確定反意疑問句
反意疑問句的回答
對反意疑問句的回答,無論問題的提法如何,如果事實是肯定的,就用yes,事實是否定的,就要用no。要特別注意陳述句部分是否定結構,反意疑問句部分用肯定式提問時,回答yes或no與漢語正好相反。這種省略回答的yes要譯成“不”,no要譯成“是”。
例 ---He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜歡踢足球,不是嗎?
---Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. ,是 他喜歡。/ 不 他不喜歡。
---His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹沒有參加會議,是嗎?
---Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不,她參加了。/ 是的,她沒參加
若be動詞后是never//few//little,后面的動詞仍用肯定形式
反意疑問句是英文中常見的一種句型,它提出情況或看法,詢問對方同意與否,被廣泛應用于英語口語。反意疑問句通常由兩部分構成:前一部分用陳述句的形式(statement),后一部分是一個附著在前一部分上的簡短問句(也叫tag question)。所附簡短問句中的主語和謂語與陳述句的保持一致,而且兩部分的時態要一致。反意疑問句有四種類型:(1)肯定陳述+否定簡短問句;(2)否定陳述+肯定簡短問句;(3)肯定陳述+肯定簡短問句;(4)否定陳述+否定簡短問句。其中,前兩種運用最為廣泛。除此之外,反意疑問句還有“祈使句+簡短問句”的形式,這種用法通常用于減弱祈使語氣。如: Carry this parcel for me, can you? 給我拿一下包,好嗎?
反意疑問句的構成有以下幾點特殊情況須注意:
1.當陳述句的主語是everyone, everybody, someone, somebody時,簡短問句中的主語通常用they。如果陳述句的主語是非人稱的復合詞,如everything, something, anything, 則簡短問句中相應的人稱代詞是單數的中性詞it。例如:
Somebody borrowed my coat yesterday, didn’t they?
Nobody came, did they?
Everyone thinks they’re the center of the universe, don’t they?
Nothing can stop us now, can it?
2.當陳述句是表示存在的句子時,簡短問句用there 作形式主語。例如:
There isn’t a book on the table, is there?
There’s something wrong, isn’t there?
There won’t be any trouble, will there?
3.如果陳述句中包含有如下的否定或半否定詞, 如seldom, hardly, never, rarely,little, few, nowhere, nothing,則簡短問句通常用肯定形式。但如果陳述句中僅包含有否定前綴,則簡短問句中用否定形式。例如:
He was unsuccessful, wasn’t he?
The rules are invariable, aren’t they?
He seldom pays more attention to his pronunciation, does he?
He hardly knows anything about computer, does he?
Tom has little knowledge of how to spend money, does he?
4.陳述句中是I am時,簡短問句則用aren’t I。例如:
I am an excellent English speaker, aren’t I?
I am late, aren’t I ?
5.陳述句中是非限定人稱代詞one時,正式文體中,簡短問句的主語為one,而非正式文體中用you。例如:
One must be honest, mustn’t one?
6.含有賓語從句的主從復合句的反意疑問句中,簡短問句一般反映主句中主、謂之間的關系。但如果主句是I think, I suppose, I believe, I suspect, I imagine 等時,則簡短問句反映的是that從句中主語與謂語之間的關系。例如:
They agreed that the United States shouldn’t make a war on Iraq, didn’t they?
I suppose (that) he is serious, isn’t he?
注意:否定詞移位的情況,如:
I don’t suppose (that) he is serious, is he?
7.如果陳述句的謂語動詞是have (當 “擁有”講時), 簡短問句可用have形式或用do形式。例如:
You have a nice house, haven’t/don’t you?
但如果陳述句是否定形式時,簡短問句中動詞的選擇則由陳述句中的動詞形式而定。例如:
He hasn’t a house of his own, has he?
He doesn’t have a house of his own, does he?
如果陳述句中的動詞 have 表示“經歷,遭受,得到,吃”的意思時,則簡短問句中的動詞用 do的形式。例如:
You often have headaches, don’t you?
8.當陳述句的動詞是ought to時,英國英語中簡短問句用ought,而美國英語中則用should。
9.陳述句中的動詞是used to時,簡短問句可用used 的形式或did的形式。例如:
The Smiths used to live in the countryside, usedn’t / didn’t they?
He didn’t use/used to tell lies, did he?
10.陳述句中動詞為needn’t時,簡短問句通常用 need。例如:
You needn’t do it if you don’t want to, need you?
You needn’t have told him the news, need you?
11.陳述句中must后動詞的類屬和時態不同,反意疑問句也不同。例如:
The food must be good, isn’t it?
You must have read the book last month, didn't you?
You must see the doctor, needn’t you?(must表必要性,故用needn’t)
You mustn’t do that again, must you?(must表示“不可以”)
12.當陳述部分是一祈使句時,簡短問句則通常為 won’t you, would you, can you, can’t you, could you等,使語氣婉轉、客氣。如果陳述部分的祈使句中含有第
一人稱時,如Let’s do something, 則簡短問句為 shall we?例如:
Do sit down, won’t you?
Shut up, can you?
在否定的祈使句后, 只能用will you。例如:
Don’t forget, will you?
13.當遇到賓語從句時候.一般反主句.但是以 I think I believe. Isuppose ....開頭的反從句
二、中文中的反意疑問句
簡稱 反問句,是句式中的一種。表面上看,是疑問句;實際上說話者是在強調某種肯定或否定的答案,也就是明知故問。這類句式常和“難道”、“怎么”等詞聯接。通常答案就在句子當中.
比如:
1. "難道我會不知道?"----說話者是在強調自己是知道的。
2. "(難道)我有這么笨嗎?"----說話者在強調自己并不笨。這里“難道”一詞也可以省略。
3."數學真的這么難么?"----說話者在強調數學不難.
4."那怎么是一樣的呢?"----說話者在強調那是不一樣的。
5.我們難道要浪費時間嗎?——強調要珍惜時間
6.你們怎能破壞環境呢? ——強調要保護環境
7.不是應該這樣的嗎?——強調應該這樣
反問句結尾時正常用問號,而有些特殊的句子也可一用感嘆號。
如:“得把他們抱過來,同死人待在一起怎么行!”意思就是說同死人待在一起不行,表示極度強調。
同英文中不同,回答這類問題往往是按照個人習慣
如:“數學真的這么難么?”
答:“不是,數學很簡單。”
問:“那怎么是一樣的呢?”
答:“是啊,那明明不一樣。”
